ISO 9001:2000 Compared to ISO 9001:2008
Changes to ISO 9001:2000 | ||
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| According to a joint announcement by the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and the IAF (International Accreditation Forum), the two organizations have agreed to an implementation plan for a smooth migration to ISO 9001:2008. 1) Certification to ISO 9001:2008 will only be issued after publication of ISO 9001:2008 and after a routine surveillance audit or re-certification audit against ISO 9001:2008. 2) One year after publication of ISO 9001:2008, all certifications issued (new certifications and re-certifications) must be to ISO 9001:2008. 3) Two years after publication of ISO 9001:2008, existing ISO 9001:2000 certifications will not be valid. This plan is possible because ISO and IAF have agreed that ISO 9001:2008 introduces no new requirements. The revised quality standard only introduces clarifications to the existing requirements with minor revisions to improve consistency with ISO 14001:2004, the environmental standard. The revisions to ISO 9001:2000 are described below - deleted text is indicated by strikethroughs - new text is underlined and shown in standard font - text from the standard is shown in italic font to distinguish them from our comments. Most of the text in ISO 9001:2000 has not been affected by ISO 9001:2008. You can purchase ISO 9001:2008 for $116 at: http://www.aworldofquality.com/content/store/ItemDetail.aspx?ItemID=522 0.1 General In this section of the Introduction, ISO 9001:2008 adds "business environment" to the list of factors that influence the design and implementation of a quality management system. The design and implementation of an organization's quality management system is influenced by - its business environment, changes in that environment, or risks associated with that environment, - its varying needs, - its particular objectives, - the products it provides - its ISO 9001:2008 changes "regulatory" to "statutory and regulatory" and clarifies that the Customer, statutory and regulatory requirements are those applicable to the product. This International Standard can be used by internal and external parties, including certification bodies, to assess the organization's ability to meet customer, statutory, and regulatory requirements applicable to the product, and the organization's own requirements. 0.2 Process Approach ISO 9001:2008 focuses on "determine" linked activities rather than "identify" linked activities to clarify that a Process can be an activity or set of activities. For an organization to function effectively, it has to The definition of Process Approach has been clarified by adding text: The application of a system of processes within an organization, together with the identification and interactions of these processes, and their management to produce the desired outcome, can be referred to as the "process approach". 0.3 Relationship with ISO 9004 The revision to ISO 9004:2000 is expected by summer of 2009 with extensive changes, including a new clause structure that no longer matches ISO 9001; as a result, ISO 9001:2008 no longer indicates "similar structures in order to assist their application as a consistent pair". The title of the revised ISO 9004 is expected to be, “Managing for the Sustained Success of an Organization - A Quality Management Approach”.
ISO 9001:2008 adds a Note about the upcoming revision to ISO 9004. NOTE: At the time of the publication of this International Standard, ISO 9004 is under revision. 0.4 Compatibility with Other Management Systems This section refers to ISO 14001:2004 instead of ISO 14001:1996 and refers to the appendix that compares the clauses of ISO 9001:2008 to the clauses of ISO 14001:2004.
1. Scope 1.1 General This section refers to the product as meeting Customer and applicable “regulatory” requirements as well as enhancing Customer satisfaction by assuring conformity to Customer and applicable “regulatory” requirements. ISO 9001:2008 has expanded the uses of "regulatory" to "statutory and regulatory". a) needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide product that meets customer and applicable statutory andregulatory requirements, and b) aims to enhance customer satisfaction through the effective application of the system, including processes for continual improvement of the system and the assurance of conformity to customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. ISO 9001:2008 has expanded Product to include any intended output resulting from the product realization processes. NOTE 1: In this International Standard, the term “product” only applies - a - any intended output resulting from the product realization processes. A second Note has been added to explain that “statutory and regulatory” requirements can be expressed as “legal” requirements. NOTE 2: Statutory and regulatory requirements can be expressed as legal requirements. 1.2 Application ISO 9001:2008 replaces "regulatory" with "statutory and regulatory". Where exclusions are made, claims of conformity to this International Standard are not acceptable unless these exclusions are limited to requirements within Clause 7, and such exclusions do not affect the organization's ability, or responsibility, to provide product that meets customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. 2. Normative Reference The key change here is to refer to ISO 9000:2005 instead of ISO 9000:2000. The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 9000:2000 3. Terms and Definitions Old definitions from this section were removed and the only text remaining is shown below: For the purposes of this document 4. Quality Management System 4.1 General Requirements Sub-clause (a), the word "Identify" has been replaced with "Determine". a) Although similar, the words "Identify" and "Determine" used above have slightly different meanings. We recognize or establish something as being a particular thing when we identify but we apply reason and reach a decision when we determine - to determine the process implies more analysis and judgment. e) monitor, measure (where applicable), and analyze these processes, and ... Processes are monitored but may not need to be measured; therefore, the requirement change above indicates processes are only measured where applicable. Regarding outsourcing: Where an organization chooses to outsource any process that affects product conformity This addition clarifies that specific controls are to be defined and applied, not just identified. The current Note under clause 4.1 has been expanded and two new Notes have been added: NOTE 1: Processes needed for the quality management system referred to above The text above expands from "measurement" to "measurement, analysis, and improvement" to match the title for clause 8 to clearly state that these processes are included rather than should be included. The new Note below provides an explanation of what is considered an outsourced process. NOTE 2: An outsourced process is identified as one being needed for the organization's quality management system, but chosen to be performed by a party external to the organization. The new Note below identifies the factors influencing the control of an outsourced process. NOTE 3: Ensuring control over outsourced processes does not absolve the organization of the responsibility of conformity to all Customer, statutory, and regulatory requirements. The type and extent of control to be applied to the outsourced process can be influenced by factors such as a) the potential impact of the outsourced process on the organization's capability to provide product that conforms to requirements, b) the degree to which the control for the process is shared; c) the capability of achieving the necessary control through the application of clause 7.4. Outsourcing a process to another organization typically involves the purchase of those services; as a result, the requirements of clause 7.4, including the controls mentioned in 7.4.1, apply equally to the supplier selected to perform the outsourced process. 4.2 Documentation Requirements 4.2.1 General Sub-clauses c), d) and e) have been restructured. c) documented procedures and records required by this International Standard, and d) documents, including records,
You can see that adding "records" to sub-clause (c) allowed sub-clause (e) to be dropped. Sub-clause (d) has been expanded to include the necessary records. The first Note for clause 4.2.1 has added two more sentences: A single document may include the requirements for one or more procedures. A requirement for a documented procedure may be covered by more than one document. Using the first sentence you could combine documented procedures in 8.5.2, Corrective Action and 8.5.3, Preventive Action, in one Corrective and Preventive Action procedure, which we’ve always done in our kits. Using the second sentence you could split the required procedure for the Control of Documents into two separate documented procedures, which we’ve always done in our kits. 4.2.2 Quality Manual No changes in ISO 9001:2008. 4.2.3 Control of Documents The only revision to clause 4.2.3 is shown below: f) to ensure that documents of external origin determined by the organization to be necessary for the planning and operation of the quality management system are identified and their distribution controlled, and The change in sub-clause (f) clarifies that not all external documents should be identified and controlled - only those needed for the planning and operation of the quality management system. 4.2.4 Control of Records Clause 4.2.4 has expanded from records being "maintained" to having them "controlled". Maintaining a record keeps it in good condition - controlling records regulates their use. Records Records shall remain legible, readily identifiable and retrievable. The organization shall establish a documented procedure Records shall remain legible, readily identifiable, and retrievable. The requirement for a documented Record Control procedure has been rewritten and is now a separate paragraph for emphasis and moved up in the section. Retention time has been reduced to "retention" and this requirement is now a separate paragraph and moved to the end of clause 4.2.4. 5. Management Responsibility 5.1 Management Commitment 5.2 Customer Focus 5.3 Quality Policy 5.4 Planning No changes in ISO 9001:2008 for clauses 5.1 through 5.4. 5.5 Responsibility, Authority, and Communication 5.5.1 Responsibility and Authority No changes in ISO 9001:2008. 5.5.2 Management Representative Some companies outsource the role of Management Representative to someone in a different organization or to a contract consultant, which was inappropriate: Top management shall appoint a member of the organization's management who, irrespective of other responsibilities, shall have responsibility and authority that includes: 5.5.3 Internal Communication No changes in ISO 9001:2008. 5.6 Management Review No changes in ISO 9001:2008. 6. Resource Management 6.1 Provision of Resources No changes in ISO 9001:2008. 6.2 Human Resources 6.2.1 General Work affecting "product quality" is changed to work affecting "conformity to product requirements". Product quality is conformity to product requirements so this clarification should not be considered a change. Personnel performing work affecting conformity to product A new Note has been added to 6.2.1 to explain that anyone performing, verifying or managing work within the scope of the quality management system, including supporting services, can affect conformity to product requirements. NOTE: Conformity to product requirements may be affected directly or indirectly by personnel performing any task within the quality management system. 6.2.2 Competence, Training, and Awareness This clause title is the first to change from "Competence, Awareness, and Training" to "Competence, Training, and Awareness". The change in 6.2.1 from “product quality” to “product requirements” caused a change in the sub-clause of 6.2.2: a) determine the necessary competence for personnel performing work affecting conformity to product Adding the phrase "where applicable" to the following sub-clause recognizes that training or other actions may not be necessary since individuals may already have the necessary competence - since "these needs" could be taken out of context, the requirement has been revised to specifically mention competence. b) where applicable, provide training or take other actions to 6.3 Infrastructure Added "information systems" as an example of a supporting service. c) supporting services (such as transport, 6.4 Work Environment Add a Note to explain the term “work environment” by giving examples of work environment conditions for achieving conformity to product requirements. NOTE: The term "work environment" relates to conditions under which work is performed including physical, environmental, and other factors (such as noise, temperature, humidity, lighting, or weather). 7. Product Realization 7.1 Planning of Product Realization Addition of "measurement" as one of the required activities to be determined during the planning of product realization. In planning product realization, the organization shall determine the following, as appropriate: b) the need to establish processes, and documents, and to provide resources specific to the product; c) required verification, validation, monitoring, measurement, inspection and test activities specific to the product and the criteria for product acceptance; 7.2 Customer-Related Processes 7.2.1 Determination of Requirements Related to the Product The change from "related" to "applicable" emphasizes that requirements are those that are relevant and can be applied to the product rather than those that are simply associated with the product. The organization shall determine: c) statutory and regulatory requirements The following text clarifies that additional requirements “considered necessary” must be determined. d) any additional requirements Some organizations didn’t consider important post-delivery activities as described by the new Note below. NOTE: Post delivery activities include, for example, actions under warranty provisions, contractual obligations such as maintenance services, and supplementary services such as recycling or final disposal. 7.2.2 Review of Requirements Related to the Product 7.2.3 Customer Communication No changes in ISO 9001:2008. 7.3 Design and Development 7.3.1 Design and Development Planning The new Note below explains that functions can be carried out separately or in any combination for review, verification and validation of design and development. NOTE: Design and development review, verification and validation have distinct purposes. They can be conducted and recorded separately or in any combination, as suitable for the product and the organization. 7.3.2 Design and Development Inputs The revision only changes "These inputs" to "The inputs".
7.3.3 Design and Development Outputs To enable is to make it possible, which can’t be verified, but to be suitable means it is meant for use, which can be verified. The outputs of design and development shall be The new Note below is a reminder that the design output should consider product packaging. NOTE: Information for production and service provision can include details for the preservation of product. 7.3.4 Design and Development Review 7.3.5 Design and Development verification 7.3.6 Design and Development Validation 7.3.7 Control of Design and Development Changes No changes in ISO 9001:2008 for clauses 7.3.4 through 7.3.7. 7.4 Purchasing No changes in ISO 9001:2008. 7.5 Production and Service Provision 7.5.1 Control of Production and Service Provision The title of clause 7.6 has been changed to refer to the control of monitoring and measuring “equipment” instead of “devices”; therefore, the terminology has been changed below: d) the availability and use of monitoring and measuring The change below clarifies that the implementation activities are those related to the “product”. f) the implementation of product release, delivery, and post-delivery activities. 7.5.2 Validation of Processes for Production and Service Provision Any process output that can't be verified could result in deficiencies becoming known only after the product is in use or the service has been delivered. The organization shall validate any processes for production and service provision where the resulting output cannot be verified by subsequent monitoring or measurement 7.5.3 Identification and Traceability Some organizations thought that identification only applied to the final product but identification applies from received product to in-process and final product. The organization shall identify the product status with respect to monitoring and measurement requirements throughout product realization. The requirement has expanded from recording product identification to keeping any type of record associated with product traceability. Where traceability is a requirement, the organization shall control 7.5.4 Customer Property The Note now includes "personal data" as an example of Customer property, broadening its applicability to service organizations. If any customer property is lost, damaged, or otherwise found to be unsuitable for use, NOTE: Customer property can include intellectual property and personal data. 7.5.5 Preservation of product "Conformity to requirements" is better than "conformity of product". The organization shall preserve the The change below allows product preservation to be applied as applicable rather than mandate inclusion of all provisions.
7.6 Control of Monitoring and Measuring The clause title is the second to change. The organization shall determine the monitoring and measurement to be undertaken and the monitoring and measuring This requirement clarifies equipment might be calibrated and/or verified, which we have always stated in our calibration procedure. Where necessary to ensure valid results, measuring equipment shall: a) be calibrated or verified, or both, at specified intervals, or prior to use, against measurement standards traceable to international or national measurement standards; where no such standards exist, the basis used for calibration or verification shall be recorded (see 4.2.4); Measuring equipment may come with the identification already in place but you’ll still need to add a label if verification is used to assure accuracy before and after use. c) The text below was moved to a standalone sentence for emphasis. Records of the results of calibration and verification shall be maintained (see 4.2.4). A new Note was added to explain that confirmation of software includes verification and configuration management.
NOTE: Confirmation of the ability of computer software to satisfy the intended application would typically include its verification and configuration management to maintain its suitability for use.
8. Measurement, Analysis, and Improvement 8.1 General Conformity of the product has been revised to "conformity to product requirements" The organization shall plan and implement the monitoring, measurement, analysis, and improvement processes needed a) to demonstrate conformity 8.2 Monitoring 8.2.1 Customer Satisfaction Examples of monitoring Customer perceptions has been added to this clause. NOTE: Monitoring customer perception can include obtaining input from sources such as customer satisfaction surveys, customer data on delivered product quality, user opinion surveys, lost business analysis, compliments, warranty claims, dealer reports. 8.2.2 Internal Audit Emphasis was given to a "documented procedure" and "establishing records" was moved ahead of "reporting results" because records are being produced during audits and should be reviewed before reporting results. A documented procedure shall be established to define the responsibilities and requirements for planning and conducting audits, establishing records and reporting results.
Records of the audits and their results shall be maintained (see 4.2.4). An immediate correction might be needed before determining the cause of the nonconformity and taking corrective action to prevent its recurrence. The management responsible for the area being audited shall ensure that any necessary corrections and correctiveactions are taken without undue delay to eliminate detected nonconformities and their causes. ISO 10011, Guidelines for Auditing Quality Systems, has been replaced with a reference to ISO 19011, Guidelines for Quality and/or Environmental Management Systems Auditing.
8.2.3 Monitoring and Measurement of Processes For some supporting processes, monitoring and measuring processes are only indirectly related to product conformity; therefore, the reference to product conformity was removed. When planned results are not achieved, correction and corrective action shall be taken, as appropriate When determining what is a "suitable" method for monitoring and measuring processes, the organization should consider the impact of the process on conformity to product requirements and system effectiveness. NOTE: When determining suitable methods, it is advisable that the organization consider the type and extent of monitoring or measurement appropriate to each of its processes in relation to their impact on the conformity to product requirements and on the effectiveness of the quality management system. 8.2.4 Monitoring and Measurement of Product The requirement to maintain evidence of conformity with acceptance criteria has been moved and release of product means delivery to the Customer. The organization shall monitor and measure the characteristics of the product to verify that product requirements have been met. This shall be carried out at appropriate stages of the product realization process in accordance with the planned arrangements (see 7.1). Evidence of conformity with the acceptance criteria shall be maintained.
The release of product 8.3 Control of Nonconforming Product The sentence below now begins with the requirement for a documented procedure. A documented procedure shall be established to define The added phrase "where applicable" means where relevant and suitable to disposition nonconforming product and a new method was added to the list. Where applicable, d) by taking action appropriate to the effects, or potential effects, of the nonconformity when nonconforming product is detected after delivery or use has started. The deleted text below was moved from paragraph 3 to paragraph 4.
The text below was moved from paragraph 4 to become paragraph 3, which includes rework to eliminate the detected nonconformity. When nonconforming product is corrected it shall be subject to re-verification to demonstrate conformity to the requirements. The requirement in paragraph 4 below is from paragraph 3 - no changes were made since it includes “subsequent actions” such as re-verification. Records of the nature of nonconformities and any subsequent actions taken, including concessions obtained, shall be maintained (see 4.2.4) The deleted text below was moved to entry (d).
8.4 Analysis of Data The changes below were to revise a reference (from 7.2.1 to 8.2.4) and to add new references (8.2.3, 8.2.4, and 7.4). The analysis of data shall provide information relating to a) customer satisfaction (see 8.2.1) b) conformity to product requirements c) characteristics and trends of processes and products, including opportunities for preventive action (see 8.2.3 and 8.2.4), and d) suppliers (see 7.4). 8.5 Improvement 8.5.1 Continual Improvement No changes in ISO 9001:2008. 8.5.2 Corrective Action The requirement below was made to be consistent with a similar sentence in 8.5.3, Preventive Action. The organization shall take action to eliminate the Some organizations interpreted reviewing as checking that an action was taken instead of determining the effectiveness of the action. f) reviewing the effectiveness of the corrective action taken. 8.5.3 Preventive Action This clause was changed to match 8.5.2. e) reviewing the effectiveness of the preventive action taken. Annex A Table A.1 in the Annex was revised to show the correspondence of ISO 9001:2008 clauses with ISO 14001:2004 (instead of ISO 14001:1996). Table A.2 shows the reverse correspondence from ISO 14001:2004 clauses to ISO 9001:2008 clauses. Annex B The old Annex B that showed the correspondence of ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 9001:1994 clauses has been replaced since the clause structure of ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 9001:2008 are the same. The new Annex B (Table B.1) identifies the text changes from ISO 9001:2000 to ISO 9001:2008. Bibliography The Bibliography for ISO 9001:2008 has been updated to reflect new standards, new editions of standards and withdrawn standards since the publication of ISO 9001:2000. New Standards ISO 10001:2007, Customer satisfaction - Guidelines for codes of conduct for organizations ISO 10002:2004, Customer satisfaction - Guidelines for complaints handling in organizations ISO 10003:2007, Customer satisfaction - Guidelines for dispute resolution external to organizations ISO 10019:2005, Guidelines for the selection of quality management system consultants and use of their services ISO 19011:2002, Guidelines for quality and/or environmental management systems auditing IEC 61160:2006, Design review ISO 90003:2004, Software engineering - Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001:2000 to computer software New Editions ISO 9004:200x, Managing for the sustained success of an organization - A quality management approach ISO 10005:2005, Quality management systems - Guidelines for quality plans ISO 10006:2003, Quality management systems - Guidelines for quality management in projects ISO 10007:2003, Quality management systems - Guidelines for configuration management ISO 10012:2003, Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment ISO/TR 10013:2001, Guidelines for quality management system documentation ISO 10014:2006, Quality management - Guidelines for realizing financial and economic benefits ISO/TR 10017:2003, Guidance on statistical techniques for ISO 9001:2000 ISO 14001:2004, Environmental management systems - Requirements with guidance for use IEC 60300-1:2003, Dependability management - Part 1: Dependability management systems Withdrawn Standards ISO 9000-3:1997 (replaced by ISO 90003:2004) ISO 10011-1: 1990 (replaced by ISO 19011:2002) ISO 10011-2: 1991 (replaced by ISO 19011:2002) ISO 10011-3:1991 (replaced by ISO 19011:2002) ISO 10012-1:1992 (replaced by ISO 10012:2003) ISO 10012-2:1997 (replaced by ISO 10012:2003)
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