Active Energy Efficiency Part 2 by Schneider Electric

World CO2 Emissions In billion metric tons mi CO2

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Making permanent savings
European Union
through Active Energy Efficiency
emission reduction targets
Kyoto commitment
@ Reduction of GHG emission by
5 %
Over the the period 2008 - 2012
March 2007 Spring Council Commitment
@ Less
20 %
at least of GHG emissions before end 2020
Target could be higher if international agreement ( post-Kyoto)
France, Germany, UK ...
@ Some European Countries are willing to achieve less
50 %
in 2050
Figures above: EU emissions Target and Agenda
(base = 1990 level)
6 - White paper on Energy Efficiency

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Making permanent savings
through Active Energy Efficiency
The current situation
Energy is consumed in a broad variety of ways across all sectors
of life, from the provision of vital resources such as water, oil and
gas, to the lighting and heating in homes and the power required
by industry and commerce. Much of that energy is consumed
usefully, but huge amounts are wasted every day. It is the waste or
inefficient use of energy that must be addressed.
This white paper explores every aspect of the use of electricity and
its impact on the environment. With greenhouse gas emissions
in sharp focus around the world, the time has come for everyone
to take action to economise on energy use by the intelligent
application of technology to bring about Active Energy Efficiency.
At a European level, the Energy Performance in Buildings Directive
has been introduced. This requires all buildings - including in the
residential sector - to have energy ratings, similar to those seen on
consumer white goods today, and to display these ratings in the
building’s public areas or, in the case of residential buildings, within
the documentation about the property. Some EU governments
have stated that they expect an average 25% reduction in energy
consumption from the introduction of this bill.
As far-reaching as the legislation is, perhaps the biggest impact
on businesses is the steep rises in the cost of energy. Between
February 2005 and February 2006 in some countries there was an
increase of around 74% on the cost of wholesale electricity and gas
– energy prices rose by up to 27% in the UK in January 2008 alone.
This poses a big problem for businesses as their profit margins are
squeezed and they are faced with the dilemma of whether to take
the cut on their bottom line, or to pass the cost increase through to
the prices of their products and services and therefore risk being
uncompetitive.

White paper on Energy Efficiency - 7

Fig above: Gas Prices to Industry in Europe
Fig above: US Electricity Prices

Figure 9_2 Average Retail Prioes of Erectrícity (Nominal Cents per Kiluwalthour)

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8 - White paper on Energy Efficiency

Making permanent savings
through Active Energy Efficiency
Economies are readily possible in electricity generation and
distribution, in its use and in the way electricity can be used wisely
to make efficiencies in the use of other energy.
The technology is available to maximise the effectiveness of
electricity – including its application in controlling other energy
usage – and the way in which it is distributed.
The technology is there to control buildings’ energy use in lighting,
HVAC, building controls and distribution. Lighting alone can account
for 40% of a typical commercial enterprise’s electricity consumption.
In offices, the explosion of information technology has also seen
huge increases in electrical consumption, as has the preference
for air conditioning systems. The prolific growth of datacentres and
new industries has also contributed to a dramatic rise in electrical
power usage.
In industry there are proven systems to reduce the power
consumed by electric motor systems and to better control the
application of electrical power throughout a plant. Two thirds of
electrical energy used by industry is used powering motors. In most
countries less than 10% of those motors have any kind of control
and therefore cannot be slowed down or switched off automatically.
Automation and the increasing use of electrical power, as well as
inefficient hydraulic and pneumatic systems, has also grown in
industrialised regions.
In the home, new products enable lighting and heating controls that
enhance living standards yet save electricity. In most countries,
every single domestic dwelling (including individual apartments)
contributes about 6.5 tonnes of CO2 each year - or, to put it another
way, enough gas to fill six hot air balloons! Yet, just switching off
lights in unoccupied rooms could save 2.2 tonnes per household.
Computers, multiple televisions sets, modern electrical appliances,
air conditioning and even outside lighting and powered equipment
have seen an exponential growth in consumption. Indeed, in many
western economies, domestic electricity consumption outstrips even
industrial use.
In short, there is no reason not to be able to actively save electricity
and other energy, provided there is the understanding of what is at
stake, together with the desire to do something about it.
World energy consumption is projected to rise by 30% by 2020
according to Enerdata’s latest predictions form May 2007. Electricity
consumed in 2005 was estimated at 18,140 TWh with 67% of that
capacity produced by coal, oil and gas power stations.
It is clear that electrical energy consumption will rise over the
coming decades if no action is taken to economise. This is
particularly true in third world and emerging economies where not
only is the use of new electrical equipment growing, but also much
of the populations of certain regions currently without electricity
supplies, will subsequently get them.
It would be hard for most people to imagine a life without electricity,
but that does not mean consumption cannot be controlled to deliver
Active Energy Efficiency. Indeed, without firm resolve to apply
Active Energy Efficiency measures, governments will be compelled
to act legislatively in order to stand any chance of meeting Kyoto
objectives and targets.

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Making permanent savings
through Active Energy Efficiency
Taking Action on
energy
Everyone can take positive action to conserve energy or use it more
wisely. The technology is in place, is relatively inexpensive in most
cases to install and provides rapid payback.
On the premise that it is impossible to manage what cannot be
measured, for large energy users – i.e. those other than residential
– the Active Energy Efficiency process should start with an
assessment of how and where energy is used and how much of it is
consumed.
Fundamental questions that every organisation
must ask:
@ Is your organisation equipped for energy efficiency?
@ Changes in legislation and regulations are forcing building
occupiers to get ready for carbon management. Is your staff
trained?
@ Can your financial teams find their way through any grants and
incentives offered?
@ How would you evaluate your success?
@ Can you demonstrate this to your customers?
@ Can you account for 90% of your energy usage? In the UK,
for example, Building Regulations call for 90% of the estimated
annual energy usage to be measured and accounted for, including
electricity, gas, water, oil and steam.
@ Who uses your energy? Applying effective monitoring and
targeting measures to energy consumption increases the success
of energy efficiency. However, without the buy-in of the people who
are using energy in an organisation, savings will be unsustainable.
@ Do you monitor awareness levels and attitudes towards Active
Energy Efficiency in your company?
Further assessment needed:
@ Do you know your requirements? In order to determine where to
start, you need to know where you are now. However, taking advice
can be a risk, unless the advice is backed with experience and
knowledge. Begin with a study of your facilities built around your
objectives.
@ Do the recommendations show you your route to energy
efficiency?
@ Do you understand the next steps?
@ Who delivers on energy efficiency? You are in the driving seat,
and with the right investments come savings. A poor implementation
of an energy efficiency scheme could significantly reduce the
potential for savings.
@ Do you have the resource to manage the procurement and
installation of equipment and ensure you stay on track?

White paper on Energy Efficiency - 9

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10 - White paper on Energy Efficiency

Making permanent savings
through Active Energy Efficiency
Expert audits of energy consumption, together with
recommendations, are a good starting point. There are also some
remarkably accurate, inexpensive and easily installed consumption
meters and controls now available that allow wasteful consumption
to be better identified and managed.
Schneider Electric is committed to reducing energy consumption for
its customers by offering a wide range of Active Energy Efficiency
products and services including advice, implementation strategies,
monitoring and control solutions and compliant products all backed
by an excellent service to help maintain the savings.
Energy studies
Specialist energy consultants can measure and analyse energy
consumption across a site or business and identify areas where
energy savings can be made.
Remote monitoring of energy
consumption
Energy managers or outside experts can remotely monitor energy
consumption via wired or wireless links to the electrical installations.
Based on data collected, these experts make recommendations
that can be applied in real time.
Variable speed drives
Because so much energy is consumed through electric motors
(66% of energy used by industry is consumed this way) variable
speed drives offer more efficient management of energy intensive
applications such as ventilation, pumping and compressed air
installations. These products can be integrated into new plant or
used to upgrade existing equipment.