electrical safety: LVD - CE Marking

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Electrical Safety: Low Voltage Directive (LVD)
LVD overview
Legislation
Directive 2006/95/EC
Guidelines on application and Recommendations
Commission opinions
Electromagnetic Fields
Revision of the LVD
Standardization
LVD standardization
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LVD contact points
Notified Bodies
Working structure

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Electrical Safety: Low Voltage Directive (LVD)

The Low Voltage Directive (LVD) 2006/95/EC (*) seeks to ensure that electrical equipment within certain voltage limits both provides a high level of protection for European citizens and enjoys a Single Market in the European Union. The Directive covers electrical equipment designed for use with a voltage rating of between 50 and 1000 V for alternating current and between 75 and 1500 V for direct current. It should be noted that these voltage ratings refer to the voltage of the electrical input or output, not to voltages that may appear inside the equipment. For most electrical equipment, the health aspects of emissions of Electromagnetic Fields are also under the domain of the Low Voltage Directive.
The LVD is one of the oldest Single Market Directives and, although it was written before the introduction of the "New" or "Global" Approaches to such legislation. However, in broad terms, it does characterise both by providing a conformity assessment procedure to be applied to equipment before being placed on the Market and Essential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSRs) which such equipment must meet either directly or by means of harmonised standards.
For electrical equipment within its scope, the Directive provides the Requirements with respect to health and safety covering all risks, thus ensuring that electrical equipment is safe in its intended use. Guidelines on application and Recommendations are available - including LVD WG documents and LVD ADCO documents and Recommendations - as well as European Commission opinions within framework of the Directive.
See also the working structure and contact points related to the Directive.
In respect of conformity assessment, there is no third party intervention, as the manufacturer undertakes the conformity assessment. However, there are so-called "Notified Bodies" under the Directive, which may be used to provide reports in response to a challenge by a national authority as to the conformity of the equipment.
With regard to the international development in the European policy, both national authorities and industry consider it to have been a success and a role model for other trade blocs, where mandatory third-party intervention is usually the norm. European accident levels with respect to this type of equipment have been shown to be consistently lower than other comparable trading regions, although a nil level of accidents is the absolute objective.
After careful consideration, it has been decided that the decision to revise the LVD will wait until the outcome of the current review of the New Approach has been completed.
For further information, if you have any query concerning the Low Voltage Directive or the content of this site, please address your mail to the specific LVD functional e-mail box.

(*) Directive 73/23/EEC has recently been the subject of a codification, requiring a new number. Readers should note that the text itself is identical.

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These Guidelines on the application of Directive 2006/95/EC (Electrical Equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits) - August 2007 - have been put together by the European Commission services and other stakeholders (industry, national authorities, standardisation and other bodies) to assist in the smooth and level application of the provisions of the Low Voltage Directive (LVD) 2006/95/EC. They are not law and do not take away the relevant responsibilities provided for, but explain in an understandable way various elements of the Directive.
ForewordI. IntroductionII. The "Low Voltage" DirectiveIII. Scope of the "Low Voltage" DirectiveIV. Safety requirements for placing on the EU market electrical equipment covered by the "Low Voltage" DirectiveV. Conformity Assessment Procedures under the "Low Voltage" DirectiveVI. Relationship between the "Low Voltage" Directive and certain other Community DirectivesAnnexes
Download (reference version):

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the SCOPE of LVD explained here




Rectifier Transformer
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Application fieldAREVA T&D Rectifier transformer operates at the fundamental frequency of an alternating system and are designed to have one or more output windings connected to the rectifier. It is possible to make major changes in the output current and voltage by using the transformer with a different rectifier configuration.
Main Characteristics AREVA T&D MELODY-R transformer is suitable for applications between 500 kVA and 25 MVA incorporating:
Diode and thyristor type power electronic systems (3-pulse, 6 pulse or 12- pulse)
Variable speed drivesVarious types of transformer connections are available on request including polygon or double-zigzag connections. High or low valuated couplage coefficient and phase shifting options are also available.

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